ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
DISPUTES OVER PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHTS IN DEIR EL-MADIN
The documentations found at both the village and the royal worksites of Deir elMadina has added a lot to our understanding of the various aspects of the Egyptian society. However, until now there have been limited studies of the human interrelation of the society of Deir el-Medina. The study focuses on the private property rights, as housing within the boundaries of the village which was provided for the workmen by the state. It has been suggested that upon a workman’s attachment to the workforce he was given certain properties for his personal use. These buildings consisted of a house, a hut, a chapel, and a tomb, which belonged to the government. These were therefore not allowed to be freely sold or inherited. On this assumption it would be likely that upon the death of a workman, the freehold of these buildings would, in theory, revert back to the state to be assigned to his successor. But this state of affairs may not be strictly happening. This was discussed in details through the texts of different cases from the related sources.
https://thalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_45780_7e522ed1faf5a9cc8b9411bdd24b2a96.pdf
2015-09-01
1
11
10.21608/thalexu.2015.45780
DISPUTES
PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHTS
DEIR EL-MADIN
هبة الله
صبحي
nashwafouad1@yahoo.com
1
جامعة الاسکندرية - کلية السياحة والفنادق
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
DES PIÈCES REPRÉSENTANT LES INSIGNES ET LES VÊTEMENTS LITURGIQUES COPTES CONSERVÉS DANS LES MUSÉES ARCHÉOLOGIQUES D’EGYPTE
Les musées internationaux et égyptiens possèdent de nombreux tissus égyptiens coptes qui remontent aux premières ères chrétiennes. Ces tissus ont presque conservé leur état grâce au climat modéré sec de l’Egypte. 1 Les Egyptiens ont toujours excellé dans la fabrication du textile. Cette célébrité demeure depuis la période pharaonique et jusqu’à l’ère islamique. Le tissu copte a été dénommé “Kapaty- tapisserie”, appellation attribuée par les Arabes, et a été le premier essai d’étoffes ornées composées de deux ou de plusieurs couleurs. 2 Parmi divers types de textiles coptes bien connus, on trouve des vêtements complets surtout des tuniques ou des parties de vêtements, des rideaux, des coussins, des nattes ainsi que des costumes religieux qui ont subi des changements à travers les siècles. 3 Les recherches prennent d’habitude en considération l’importance des tissus coptes sans mentionner en particulier les vêtements liturgiques. Notre recherche n’est pas un traité sur l’histoire du vêtement liturgique ni une analyse de la garde-robe du clergé copte. Nous cherchons à reconstituer le sens du vêtement, son origine par l’examen des représentations de certaines pièces exposées dans les musées égyptiens, et ce dans le but de faire revivre notre patrimoine copte pour en profiter dans le domaine touristique.\
https://thalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_45782_37ce11057136dfcd1d2d7527b592fac4.pdf
2015-09-01
13
34
10.21608/thalexu.2015.45782
DES PIÈCES REPRÉSENTANT _ INSIGNES _ VÊTEMENTS LITURGIQUES
MUSÉES ARCHÉOLOGIQUES D’EGYPTE _
ماري مجدي
أنور
nashwafouad1@yahoo.com
1
جامعة الاسکندرية کلية السياحة والفنادق
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES ON CUSTOMERS’ TIPPING BEHAVIOR IN EGYPTIAN RESTAURANTS
The literature includes several studies that addressed the factors that motivate customers to leave tips, but most of these studies have been conducted in western countries and USA. On the other hand, there are little published researches that addressed such tipping motives in eastern countries. Therefore, this research investigates the impact of service quality on tipping behavior in Egypt. In order to answer the questions of this research, convenience sampling technique was employed and a total of 651 valid questionnaires were collected from Egyptian restaurant customers. Findings show that most Egyptians agreed that they tip in order to reward service quality. This research extends the body of knowledge on tipping as it is considered one of the first studies that addresses the tipping motives in an eastern country and whether it differs from western countries. Finally, restaurant managers should employ these findings to design training programs for service employees in order to raise their awareness of the most important reasons that stimulates customers’ desire to tip
https://thalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_45785_33457679d3feb4e064473a2204d28ffc.pdf
2015-09-01
35
50
10.21608/thalexu.2015.45785
Tipping motives
service quality attributes
server friendliness
server attentiveness and Egypt
حسام سعيد
شحاتة
nashwafouad1@yahoo.com
1
جامعة الاسکندرية - کلية السياحة والفنادق
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
INVESTIGATING HOTEL OUTSOURCING IN THE EGYPTIAN HOTEL MARKET: REASONS, BARRIERS AND ACTIVITIES
Due to the increasing importance of “Outsourcing” as one of the strategic management tools used by hotels worldwide, the current study attempts to assess hotel outsourcing in the Egyptian Hotel Industry by providing insights into the outsourcing drivers or reasons and the encountered barriers. The study also discusses the most common activities outsourced by hotels in Cairo and Sharm El Sheikh. A total of 48 participants including General and Department Managers working in four and five-star hotels, mainly in Cairo and Sharm El Sheikh participated in this study. The methods used to collect data included personal interviews using a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed that outsourcing occurs in a variety of hotel functions and departments including information technology, transportation services, health club, pest control, animation, security, reservation, as well as other activities. The main reasons for outsourcing in hotels were found to be access of external expertise, reducing costs and focusing on core activities. Although participating hotels showed interest to expand their scope of outsourcing some constraints are limiting their ability to do so. Lack of reliable suppliers, minimal knowledge concerning outsourcing adoption, possible risk of providing unqualified staff and hidden relevant costs represented the most significant barriers of outsourcing. Finally, the study presents a group of practical and academic recommendations.
https://thalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_45793_614da2a9763173c029fcce702fcc032e.pdf
2015-09-01
51
76
10.21608/thalexu.2015.45793
Outsourcing
Cairo and Sharm El Sheikh hotels
outsourcing reasons
barriers and functions
سيد الحوشي، جيلان الدمرداش
عثمان السعيد
nashwafouad1@yahoo.com
1
جامعة الاسکندرية - کلية السياحة والفنادق
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
MEASURING CUSTOMER’S SATISFACTION AS A TOOL TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF SERVICES IN EGYPTIAN SPAS (SPAS IN CAIRO CITY AS A CASE STUDY)
In the recent years, several countries have turned to a new area of tourism – health and wellness. This niche area explores the intersection of healthcare services and tourism packages, and often depends on local factors such as high-quality health services, cost competitiveness, climate conditions, or specific geographical resources advantages. Egypt as one of the most important touristic countries in the region has a long tradition of bathing associated with the hammams Turkish baths and pharaonic ones (AmCham Egypt 2012). Early indications are that Egyptians were the first to discover the potential of water and essential oils for therapeutic purposes. Remedial treatments and bath spas have been around for thousands of years, with well-being philosophies dating back as far as 7000 BC when the fatty oils of olive and sesame were thought to have been combined with fragrant plants to create the original Neolithic ointments. (http://www.thespatraveller.com/Articles/The-history-ofspas.htm). In Egypt, the market and research analysis companies forecast a compound annual growth rate of 5% through 2016, when sales are expected to exceed EGP 1.2 billion. Previous studies have discussed the Spa industry. However, customer service-related research from the perspectives of customers and operators is rare. From the outset, it would be useful to understand the relation between the quality of services in Spa and the customer loyality. To assess the reliability of the measure in this study, Cronbach's coefficient alpha was used. Cronbach's alpha is the most accepted formula for assessing reliability of a measurement with multi-point items.
https://thalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_45796_eebf6f701b6fd69211b64ff62b76904f.pdf
2015-09-01
77
88
10.21608/thalexu.2015.45796
Wellness – Spa
wellness tourism – customer Satisfaction
Service quality
سهى بهجت
فرج
nashwafouad1@yahoo.com
1
جامعة الاسکندرية کلية السياحة والفنادق
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ATTITUDES TOWARDS RELUCTANCE TO WORK IN THE EGYPTIAN TOURISM SECTOR
It was noted recently that there is a clear attitude towards reluctance to work in The Egyptian tourism sector generally. Actually, there are many reasons that led to this disinclination. So, this research aims to study beliefs and attitudes of individuals towards reluctance to work in The Egyptian tourism sector. Also, knowledge the motives and reasons for real attitude to work in this sector and whether there were extremist religious beliefs or employees’ feeling of unsafe to work in this sector recently. So, the researchers concentrate on three hypotheses as follows: there is a clear attitude towards not working in The Egyptian tourism sector; there is a positive relationship between religious beliefs and work in The Egyptian tourism sector; finally, there is a positive relationship between feeling of unsafe and work in The Egyptian tourism sector. To achieve the results, the researchers designed attitude scale to measure reluctance to work in The Egyptian tourism sector. The scale applied on 162 samples distributed on workers in the public and private sectors in Cairo, Minia, Assiut, Fayoum and Sohag governorates, who have/have not previously worked in the tourism and hospitality field. The study discovered that there are clear attitudes towards reluctance to work in The Egyptian Tourism Sector, personnel feeling unsafe and limit indicators about bad beliefs towards working in tourism field. So, the study recommends establishing policies and rules to protect tourism employees and increase awareness about the importance of tourism field
https://thalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_45800_adbbb4092dec014256c8a53709168a22.pdf
2015-09-01
89
102
10.21608/thalexu.2015.45800
Reluctance to work
Attitudes
Egyptian Tourism Sector
محمد عبد العاطي،
محمد عنتر
nashwafouad1@yahoo.com
1
جامعة الاسکندرية - کلية السياحة والفنادق
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE ROLE OF LEGISLATIONS IN ASSURING TOURISTS’ SAFETY (A STUDY OF VIOLENT TOURISTIC CRIMES AFFECTING TOURISTS’ SECURITY IN EGYPTAPPLYING ON SHARM EL-SHEIKH AS A TOURIST DESTINATION)
Touristic crimes vary from several ones mostly including robbery, internet frauds, credit card frauds, physical assaults and terrorism. In the context of this study, the concern of the researcher is with the existence of touristic crimes in Egypt and the absence of effective related laws. Two types of touristic crimes against tourists will be discussed and analyzed; the sexual harassment and terrorism threats.
https://thalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_45803_48ae0639943054549289f6182001262b.pdf
2015-09-01
103
124
10.21608/thalexu.2015.45803
touristic crimes- terrorism- sexual harassment
legislations
safety
سابرينا محمد
أحمد
nashwafouad1@yahoo.com
1
جامعة الاسکندرية - کلية السياحة والفنادق
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
STUDYING TOURISM WEBSITES AND THE EFFECTS OF ONLINE SOCIAL MEDIA
During the past decade, information technology has significantly changed the way the tourism companies plans, controls and manages operations. For example, the increased use of Web 2.0, has gradually altering the industry structure and developing a whole range of opportunities and threats. Hence, the purpose of this study is to verify the impact of online social networks in raising the number of visitors to referenced websites as well as forecasting the total number of tourism websites visitors and social media referrals to better understand and evaluate the potential importance of this technology using time series analysis. This objective will be achieved through analyzing the pattern of visits to a sample of Egyptian tourism websites and the relationship between the total visits and those having the OSNs as referrals has been measured. The data analyzed in this study were provided from the secondary data generated by Google Analytics (GA). The data collected consisted of the series of total visits of Egyptian websites and the contributions of these visits via social media referrals. The significance of the explanatory variable visits via social media referrals as well as the time period was addressed with a multiple regression. To forecast the total number of visits to the tourism websites the time series analysis approach as a non causal method has been used. The results show that time and social media referrals have a significant influence on the total visits of tourism websites. Moreover, Egyptian tourism businesses should not only consider the presence and interaction on Facebook, Google+ and My space, they should also consider Media sharing platforms such as You Tube and Pinterest.
https://thalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_45806_99a18ccd337167a3057ee8a34b02e3fc.pdf
2015-09-01
125
140
10.21608/thalexu.2015.45806
Web 2.0
Travel 2.0
Online social networks
Tourism website
facebook
Website evaluation
هالة نبيل
هلالي
nashwafouad1@yahoo.com
1
جامعة الاسکندرية - کلية السياحة والفنادق
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
دور الإدارة الإعلامية للأزمات في إدارة أزمات القطاع السياحي
يعد القطاع السياحي أبرز القطاعات المتضررة من الأزمات التي شهدتها مصر في السنوات الأخيرة، و إحدى نقاط الضعف في مواجهة في مواجهة الأزمات هي ضعف الإدارة الإعلامية لها ؛ لذلک تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إستکشاف المعالجة الإعلامية المثلى لإدارة الأزمات
https://thalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_46965_74d27e1adb218dded56eb8adad1eec0e.pdf
2015-09-01
141
164
10.21608/thalexu.2015.46965
الأزمات السياحية
إعلام الأزمة
الإعلام السياحي
رفيق السعيد، هالة هلالي،نرمين مرسي،
أماني نبيل
nashwafouad1@yahoo.com
1
جامعة اإسکندرية - کلية السياحة والفنادق
AUTHOR